Annotatsiya:

Annotatsion: Medical tourism has evolved from a single form of cross border medical-seeking behavior into a composite service system jointly composed of medical services, tourism reception, rehabilitation and convalescence, information platforms, insurance payment, and government regulation. The study adopts an integrative literature review and comparative case method to identify the core determinants of medical tourism competitiveness and, in light of the destination experiences of India, South Korea, Japan, and Hungary, discusses the organizational logic of different development paths. The findings show that the competitiveness of a medical tourism destination is not determined solely by low prices, hospital capacity, or tourism resources; rather, it is jointly formed through the interaction of medical quality and safety, cost advantages, price transparency, destination environment and infrastructure, policy support, service coordination, and digital capabilities.